Chapter 10: National Security and Defense Policy

Annotated Internet References

The Center for Defense Information (www.cdi.org) publishes reports and statistics on defense and security policies, which include information on interest groups and private companies involved in U.S. foreign policy. Among other topics, the center’s work focuses specifically on U.S. arms sales and trade, missile defense, defense projects and budgets, and nuclear issues.

 

The Center for Strategic and International Studies (www.csis.org) is a nonprofit and nonpartisan organization focused on international defense and security issues, in particular policy analysis, policy recommendations, and geographic analysis. The center publishes the Washington Quarterly (online at www.twq.com), which analyzes global changes and foreign policies with an emphasis on the U.S. role in the world, defense procurement, terrorism and counterterrorism, and regional issues.

 

The Congressional Research Service (CRS) (www.loc.gov/crsinfo/whatscrs.html) provides briefings to Congress on specific policy issues. Though there is no single repository for all CRS reports, several Web sites archive a large selection, including the U.S. embassy in Italy (http://italy.usembassy.gov/policy/crs/default.asp), the Federation of American Scientists (www.fas.org/sgp/crs/index.html), and the National Library for the Environment (www.ncseonline.org/NLE/CRS).

 

The Department of Defense (www.defenselink.mil) is vested with military and security responsibilities for the United States and many countries around the globe. The department’s Web site provides access to defense-related activities, specific programs, information regarding the military and past operations, and speeches and transcripts from defense officials. Included as well are links to agencies within the Defense Department and a list of online publications such as the defense budget, Defense Almanac, and reports on capabilities and security measures.

 

The newest cabinet agency, the Department of Homeland Security (www.dhs.gov) offers consistent updates on the war on terrorism as well as missions to contain and combat domestic terrorism. Its Web site also provides information regarding immigration, border controls, and policies related to emergency actions in the form of speeches, documents, and research links.

 

The Federation of American Scientists (www.fas.org) is a nonprofit organization committed to researching causes and tactics of war. Areas of research include nuclear arms, terrorism, intelligence gathering and reporting, small arms trade, and the connection between technology and weaponry. In addition to providing facts and figures on these areas, FAS also publishes a newsletter, Arms Sales Monitor (www.fas.org/asmp/library/armsmonitor.html), and a journal, Public Interest Report (www.fas.org/faspir/index.html), along with short books on each research topic.

 

The International Institute for Strategic Studies (www.iiss.org) is a London-based leading research organization on political and military conflict. The institute focuses its research agenda on grand strategy, armed forces, technological and military equipment, and programs on regional relations.

 

The Office of the Coordinator of Counterterrorism (http://www.state.gov/s/ct/), The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (S/CT) coordinates and supports the development and implementation of all U.S. Government policies and programs aimed at countering terrorism overseas. They publish and record a yearly report on terrorist incidents that affect U.S. citizens and interests around the globe. It includes regional reports, chronologies of events, U.S. programs and policies of counterterrorism, and background information on state-sponsored and transnational terrorist groups.

 

The RAND Corporation (www.rand.org) is a private research group focusing on international affairs, homeland security, terrorism, and U.S. national security issues. It also produces reports on individual countries that have close ties to the United States. RAND is responsible for producing the RAND Review (www.rand.org/publications/randreview), a magazine about current security and defense issues.

 

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (www.SIPRI.org) conducts research on questions of conflict and cooperation of importance for international peace and security, with the aim of contributing to an understanding of the conditions for peaceful solutions of international conflicts and for a stable peace. SIPRI provides yearly information on arms transfers, defense budgets, nuclear weaponry, and other security issues.

 

The Web site for the United States Intelligence Community (www.intelligence.gov) offers information regarding the organization of all U.S. intelligence agencies and their relationships toward each other and the government as a whole. Meetings and special report findings regarding national and international intelligence are reported and summarized on the site.

 

The World Policy Institute (www.worldpolicy.org/wpi/index.html) is a research organization focused on the connection between domestic and international factors that drive foreign policy. Its research topics include counterterrorism, arms trade, U.S. grand strategy, cultural relations, and relationships between military superpowers.

Additional Links of Interest

Arms Control Today (www.armscontrol.org/act/)

The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists (www.thebulletin.org/index.html)

CATO Journal (www.cato.org/pubs/journal/index.html)

Ethics and International Affairs (www.cceia.org/resources/journal/index.html)

Foreign Affairs (www.foreignaffairs.org/)

Foreign Policy (www.foreignpolicy.com)

Foreign Policy Analysis (www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1743-8586&site=1)

International Organization (http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=INO)

International Security (http://bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu/publications.cfm?program=ISP&project=IS&ln=home&pb_id=14&gma=14&gmi=37)

The Journal of Conflict Resolution (www.yale.edu/iss/unsy/jcrhome1.htm)

The Journal of Peace Research (www.prio.no/page/Project_detail/Research_menu_right/9244/37834.html)

NATO Review (www.nato.int/docu/review.htm)

SIPRI Yearbooks (http://books.sipri.org/index_html?c_category_id=1)

Washington Quarterly (www.twq.com/)

World Policy Journal (www.worldpolicy.org/journal/index.html)

Suggested Readings Cited in Chapter 10

Art, Robert J., and Kenneth Waltz. 2004. The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics, sixth edition. Rowman and Littlefield.

 

Barnett, Roger W. 2003. Asymmetrical Warfare: Today’s Challenge to U.S. Military Power. Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s.

 

Benjamin, David, and Steven Simon. 2002. The Age of Sacred Terror. New York: Random House.

 

Betts, Richard K. 2003. “Striking First: A History of Thankfully Lost Opportunities.” Ethics and International Affairs 17 (spring): 17–24.

 

Crawford, Neta C. 2003. “The Slippery Slope to Preventive War.” Ethics and International Affairs 17 (Spring): 30–36.

 

Dueck, Colin. 2004. “New Perspectives on American Grand Strategy.” International Security 28 (4): 197-216.

 

Duffy, Helen. 2005. The War on Terror and the Framework of International Law. New York: Cambridge University Press.

 

Gaddis, John L. 2005. “After Containment – The Legacy of George Kennan in the Age of Terrorism.” The New Republic (April 25).

 

Glad, Betty, and Chris J. Dolan. 2004. Striking First: The Preventive Doctrine and the Reshaping of U.S. Foreign Policy, editors. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.

 

Grimmett, Richard F. 2004. “Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798 – 2004.” Congressional Research Service, RL 30172.

 

Hayes, Peter L., Brenda J. Vallance, Alan R. Van Tassell. 1997. American Defense Policy, seventh edition. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.

 

Hildreth, Steven A. 2005. “Ballistic Missile Defense: A Historical Overview.” Congressional Research Service, RL 22120.

 

Hoffman, Bruce. 2006. Inside Terrorism, rev. ed. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

 

Laqueur, Walter. 2003. No End to War: Terrorism in the Twenty-first Century. New York: Continuum.

 

Leffler, Melvyn P. 2005. “9/11 and American Foreign Policy.” Diplomatic History 29 (3): 395-413.

 

Lesser, Ian O., Bruce Hoffman, John Arquilla, David F. Ronfeldt, Michele Zanini, and Brian Michael Jenkins, eds. 2002. Countering the New Terrorism. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND.

 

Lieber, Keir A., and Gerard Alexander. 2005. “Waiting for Balancing: Why the World Is Not Pushing Back.” International Security 30 (1): 109-139.

 

Lieber, Keir A., and Daryl G. Press. 2006. “The Rise of U.S. Nuclear Primacy.” Foreign Affairs 85 (2): 42-54.

 

----. 2006. “The End of MAD? The Nuclear Dimension of U.S. Primacy.” International Security 30 (4):7-44.

 

O’Hanlon, Michael, Peter R. Orszag, Ivo H. Daalder, I. M. Destler, David Gunter, Robert E. Litan, and James Steinberg. 2002. Protecting the American Homeland: One Year On. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.

 

Paarlberg, Robert L. “Knowledge as Power: Science, Military Dominance, and U.S. Security.” International Security 29 (1): 122-151.

 

Posen, Barry. 2003. “Command of the Commons: The Military Foundation of U.S. Hegemony. International Security 28 (Summer): 5–46.

 

------. 2001–2002. “The Struggle against Terrorism: Grand Strategy, Strategy, and Tactics.” International Security 26 (Winter): 39–55.

 

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. 2002. “The Immorality of Preemptive War.” New Perspectives Quarterly 19 (Fall): 41–43.

 

Schultz, Richard H., and Andrea Dew. 2006. Insurgents, Terrorists, and Militias: The Warriors of Contemporary Combat. New York: Columbia University Press.

 

Snow, Donald M. 2004. National Security for a New Era: Globalization and Geopolitics. New York: Pearson Longman.

 

Steil, Benn, and Robert E. Litan. 2006. Financial Statecraft: The Role of Financial Markets in American Foreign Policy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Suggested Readings Following the Themes of Chapter 10

Art, Robert J. 2004. A Grand Strategy for America. Cornell University Press.

 

Bolt, Paul, Damon Coletta, Collins G. Jr., Shackelford. 2005. American Defense Policy, eighth edition. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.

 

Berkowitz, Peter. 2005. Terrorism, the Laws of War, and the Constitution: Debating Enemy Combatant Cases. Washington, D.C.: Hoover Institution Press.

 

Cassidy, Robert M. 2006. Counterinsurgency and the Global War on Terror: Military Culture and Irregular War. Praeger Security International.

 

Dolan, Chris J. 2005. In War We Trust: The Bush Doctrine and the Pursuit of Just War. Aldershot, United Kingdom: Ashgate Press.

 

Fisher, Louis. 2005. Military Tribunals and Presidential Power: American Revolution to the War on Terrorism. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.

 

Hossein-zadeh, Ismael. 2006. Political Economy of U.S. Militarism. Palgrave McMillan.

 

Johnson, Chalmers. 2004. The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic. New York: Metropolitan Books.

 

Paper, Robert. 2005. Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. New York: Random House.

 

Pillar, Paul. 2001. Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.

 

Rundquist, Barry S., and Thomas M. Carsey. 2002. Congress and Defense Spending: The Distributive Politics of Military Procurement. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

 

Yoo, John. 2006. The Powers of War and Peace: The Constitution and Foreign Affairs after 9/11. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.