Chapter 3: Dynamics of Decision Making

Annotated Internet References

The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (www.cbpp.org) focuses on federal and state budget priorities, including research on taxes and spending. Projects of interest include analysis of military spending, specific foreign-policy spending, and tax burdens for national security.

 

Congressional Research Service’s CRS Reports (http://fpc.state.gov//c4763.htm), from the research arm of Congress, provide briefings on specific policy issues that include background information, chronologies, bibliographic references, and budget statistics. Two of the larger policy domains within the CRS are “Foreign Affairs” and “Defense and Trade.” CRS reports on particular topics are often updated each year. Current examples include detailed information regarding terrorism, international and free trade, foreign aid, global finance, arms trade and control, missile defense, energy policy, and bilateral reports such as U.S.–Russian and U.S.–Israeli relations.

 

The Foreign Policy Research Institute (www.fpri.org) is a research-based organization that focuses on studying U.S. national interests, the war on terrorism, security relationships, and long-term policy planning. FPRI’s research is based on a multidisciplinary approach, including scholars and advisers from economics, politics, law, the media, and history. The institute publishes a quarterly journal, ORBIS, which consists of reports from conferences and scholars regarding U.S. and world interests (available online at www.fpri.org/orbis).

 

The Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis (www.ifpa.org) provides briefings for students interested in the costs, benefits, and planning of U.S. foreign policy. The institute covers a variety of issues but focuses on globalization, missile defense, international institutions, and grand strategies.

 

The International Action Center (www.iacenter.org) focuses on international labor, poverty, militarization, and multinational corporations from a critical standpoint. This site provides dozens of links to books, journals, and Web resources regarding antiwar and antiglobalization activities and efforts to improve the standard of living in poverty-stricken countries.

 

The International Studies Association (www.isanet.org) provides conference papers, journal articles, and relevant links to timely and scholarly research on empirical testing and analyzing issues in foreign policy and international politics in general. Included are syllabi collections, which provide additional readings and links from various professors around the globe. The Foreign Policy Analysis Section is also responsible for publishing the journal Foreign Policy Analysis, a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal regarding the process, outputs, and empirical testing of foreign policy (available online at fpa.tamu.edu).

 

The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (www.wilsoncenter.org) provides a research hub for scholars and students to review current events and how they relate to relevant theories of policy. In addition to specific regional coverage and research, the center has ongoing projects regarding security and peace strategies along with research in conflict prevention and international trade and finance. The center is responsible for publishing books in each area of research along with the Wilson Quarterly.

Additional Links of Interest

American Foreign Policy Interests (www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/10803920.asp)

Congressional Research Service Reports (http://fpc.state.gov//c4763.htm)

CQ Weekly (www.cq.com)

Foreign Policy (www.foreignpolicy.com)

Foreign Policy Analysis (http://fpa.tamu.edu/)

The Journal of Policy Analysis and Management (www.appam.org/publications/jpam/about.asp)

Journal of Policy History (www.slu.edu/departments/jph/)

Journal of Public Policy (http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=PUP)

National Journal (www.nationaljournal.com/)

Policy Sciences (www.policysciences.org/journal.htm)

Political Psychology (http://ispp.org/journal.html)

Review of Policy Research (formerly Policy Studies Review) (www.ipsonet.org/)

Suggested Readings Cited in Chapter 3

Allison, Graham, and Philip Zelikow. 1999. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. 2d ed. New York: Longman.

 

Betts, Richard K. 2002. Conflict after the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and Peace. 2d ed. New York: Longman.

 

Bendor, Jonathon, and Thomas H. Hammond. 1992. “Rethinking Allison’s Models.” American Political Science Review 86 (June): 301–322.

 

Drezner, Daniel W. 2000. “Ideas, Bureaucratic Politics, and the Crafting of Foreign Policy.” American Journal of Political Science 44 (October): 733–749.

 

Etheridge, Lloyd. 1978. “Personality Effects on American Foreign Policy, 1898–1968: A Test of Interpersonal Generalization Theory.” American Political Science Review 72 (June): 434–451.

 

Fry, Earl H. 1998. The Expanding Role of State and Local Governments in U.S. Foreign Affairs. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.

 

Gourevitch, Peter. 2002. “Domestic Politics and International Relations.” In Handbook of International Relations, ed. Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse, and Beth A. Simmons, 309–328. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.

 

Hart, Paul ‘t., Eric Stern, and Bengt Sundelius, eds. 1997. Beyond Groupthink: Political Group Dynamics and Foreign Policymaking. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

 

Herrmann, Richard K. 1984. “Perceptions and Foreign Policy Analysis.” In Foreign Policy Decision Making: Perception, Cognition, and Artificial Intelligence, ed. Donald A. Sylvan and Steve Chan, 25–52. New York: Praeger.

 

Janis, Irving L. 1982. Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. 2d ed. rev. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

 

Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye. 2001. Power and Interdependence. 3d ed. New York: Longman.

 

Mearsheimer, John. 2001. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: Norton.

 

Mowle, Thomas S. 2003. “Worldviews in Foreign Policy: Realism, Liberalism, and External Conflict.” Political Psychology 24 (September): 561–592.

 

Putnam, Robert. 1988. “Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games.” International Organization 42 (Summer): 427–460.

 

Renshon, Stanley, and Deborah W. Larson, eds. 2003. Good Judgment in Foreign Policy: Theory and Application. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield.

 

Snyder, Richard C., Henry W. Bruck, and Burton Sapin. 2002. Foreign Policy Decision Making: An Approach to the Study of International Politics, 2d ed. rev. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

 

Wendt, Alexander. 1999. Social Theory of International Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Suggested Readings Following the Themes of Chapter 3

Beasley, Ryan K., Juliet Kaarbo, Jeffrey S. Lantis, and Michael T. Snarr, eds. 2001. Foreign Policy in a Comparative Perspective: Domestic and International Influences on State Behavior. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.

 

Brecher, Michael, and Frank P. Harvery, eds. 2002. Conflict, Security, Foreign Policy, and International Political Economy: Past Paths and Future Directions in International Studies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

 

------. (2002) Realism and Institutionalism in International Studies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

 

Brown, Michael, Owen R. Coté Jr., Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Miller, eds. 2000. America’s Strategic Choices. Rev. ed. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press

 

Carter, Ralph G., ed. 2005. Contemporary Cases in Foreign Policy: From Terrorism to Trade. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.

 

Dye, Thomas R. 2002. Understanding Public Policy. 10th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

 

Evans, Peter B, Harold K. Jacobson, and Robert D. Putnam. 1993. Double-Edged Diplomacy: International Bargaining and Domestic Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press.

 

Galhofer, Irmtraud N., and Willem E. Saris. 1997. Collective Choice Processes: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Foreign Policy Decision-Making. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.

 

George, Alexander L., and Juliette L. George. 1998. Presidential Personality and Performance. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.

 

Goldstein, Judith, and Robert O. Keohane. 1993. “Ideas and Foreign Policy: An Analytical Framework.” In Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change, ed. Judith Goldstein and Robert O. Keohane, 3–30. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

 

Hemmer, Christopher M. 2000. Which Lessons Matter? American Foreign Policy Decision Making in the Middle East, 1979–1987. Albany: State University of New York Press.

 

Hess, Gary R. 2001. Presidential Decisions for War: Korea, Vietnam, and the Persian Gulf. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

 

Howard, Peter. 2004. “The Growing Role of States in U.S. Foreign Policy: The Case of the State Partnership Program.” International Studies Perspectives 5 (Summer): 179–197.

 

Kegley, Charles W., Jr., and Gregory A. Raymond. 2002. Exercising the Ghost of Westphalia: Building World Order in the New Millennium. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

 

Kraft, Michael E., and Scott R. Furlong. .2004. Public Policy: Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.

 

Mintz, Alex, ed. 2002. Integrating Cognitive and Rational Theories of Foreign Policy Decision Making. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

 

Munger, Michael C. 2000. Analyzing Politics: Choices, Conflicts, and Practices. New York: W. W. Norton.

 

Neack, Laura, Jeanne A. K. Key, and Patrick J. Haney. 1995. Foreign Policy Analysis: Continuity and Change in Its Second Generation. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

 

Peters, B. Guy. 2004. American Public Policy: Promise and Performance. 6th ed. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.

 

Post, Jerrold M., ed. 2003. The Psychological Assessment of Political Leaders: With Profiles of Saddam Hussein and Bill Clinton. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

 

Rourke, John T., ed. 2004. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in World Politics. 11th ed. Guilford, Conn.: McGraw-Hill/Dushkin.

 

Shepsle, Ken A., and Mark S. Bonchek. 1997. Analyzing Politics: Rationality, Behavior, and Institutions. New York: W. W. Norton.

 

Valenty, Linda O. and Ofer Feldman, ed. Political Leadership for the New Century: Personality and Behaviors among American Leaders, 81–103. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.