The global importance of human rights issues has sparked an ongoing need to develop a universal language for human rights and the procedures for remedying violations, where remedies are, in fact, available. Giving the broadest scope to the terms human rights and freedoms, this reference encompasses constitutional rights and freedoms as well as those addressed in international and regional agreements.

Through entries that define and describe concepts and terms, to text excerpts of documents, charts depicting global comparisons, essays on organizations, and biographies of activists and theorists, this reference will serve the research and information needs of students, scholars, activists, and interested citizens.

As the title suggests, International Encyclopedia of Human Rights: Freedoms, Abuses, and Remedies goes beyond the abstract to include practical information on remedies for violations of a person's rights and freedoms by a national government, and on the private and government rights organizations that assist in reporting on or enforcing human rights.

All around the world, there is a growing interest in developing a universal language for human rights and the procedures for remedying violations. International Encyclopedia of Human Rights: Freedoms, Abuses, and Remedies is written for both students of the subject and those who are actively working in the field. This reference work points readers in the right direction for enforcing their rights rather than merely setting them forth in the abstract.

Abortion
Accused
Adoption
African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
Aged
AIDS
Alfonsin Foulkes, Raul Ricardo
Aliens
American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
Amnesty
Amnesty International
Amparo
Apartheid
Appeals
Aquino, Corazon
Arab Charter on Human Rights
Aristotle
Artists
Assembly
Association
Asylum
Augustine, St.
Aung San Suu Kyi
Awards and Prizes

Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners
Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers
Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officers
Beccaria, Cesare
Bills of Rights
Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment
Bunche, Ralph

Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
Capital Punishment
Carter, James Earl
Center for Human Rights
Charter 77 (Czechoslovakia)
Charter of Paris for a New Europe
Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Canada)
Charter of the United Nations
Children
Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Civil Rights
Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials
Collective Rights
Commission on Human Rights
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
Communication
Compensation
Complaints
Conscience
Constitutional Rights
Constitutionalism
Convention against Discrimination in Education
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Convention Concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize
Convention Concerning Indigenous Peoples in Independent Countries
Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural Heritage
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages
Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
Convention on the International Right of Correction
Convention on the Political Rights of Women
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
Counsel
Crimes against Humanity
Cultural Rights

Declaration of Alma Ata (Asian Press)
Declaration of Alma Ata (Health)
Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power
Declaration of Independence (United States)
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (France)
Declaration of the Rights of the Child
Declaration on Apartheid and Its Destructive Consequences in South Africa
Declaration on Fundamental Principles Concerning the Contribution of the Mass Media to Strengthening Peace and International Understanding, to the Promotion of Human Rights and to Countering Racialism, Apartheid and Incitement to War
Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations
Declaration on Social and Legal Principles Relating to the Protection and Welfare of Children, with Special Reference to Foster Placement and Adoption Nationally and Internationally
Declaration on Social Progress and Development
Declaration on Territorial Asylum
Declaration on the Control of Drug Trafficking and Drug Abuse
Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief
Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
Declaration on the Human Rights of Individuals Who Are Not Nationals of the Country in Which They Live
Declaration on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear and Thermo-Nuclear Weapons
Declaration on the Promotion among Youth of the Ideals of Peace, Mutual Respect and Understanding between Peoples
Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict
Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups, and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Peace
Declaration on the Right to Development
Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons
Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities
Declaration on the Use of Scientific and Technological Progress in the Interests of Peace and for the Benefit of Mankind
Defenders of Human Rights
Democracy
Deportation
Derogation
Detention
Development
Die, Right to
Dignity
Diplomatic and Consular Rights
Disabled
Disappearance
Discrimination
Doctors without Borders
Domestic Violence
Drugs
Due Process of Law

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
Economic Rights
Education
Enforcement
Environment
Equality
Equality of Arms
Erga Omnes
European Commission on Human Rights
European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
European Court of Human Rights
European Social Charter
Exhaustion of Remedies
Expression
Expulsion
Extradition

Fair Trial
Families
Fang Lizhi
Federalism
Food
Forced Eviction
Forced Labor
FOREFRONT
Freedom House
Fundamental Rights

Gandhi, Mohandas K.
Geneva Conventions
Genocide
Grotius, Hugo
Guidelines for Action on Human Resources Development in the Field of Disability (Tallinn Guidelines)
Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (Riyadh Guidelines)

Habeas Corpus
Havel, Vaclav
Health
Helsinki Final Act
High Commissioner for Human Rights
High Commissioner for Refugees
Homosexuals
Hostages
Housing
Human Rights
Human Rights Committee
Human Rights Institutions
Human Rights Internet
Human Rights Watch

Immigrants
Impunity
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention
Indigenous Peoples
Information
Institute for Global Communications
Inter-American Charter of Social Guarantees
Inter-American Commission of Women
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Inter-American Convention on the Granting of Civil Rights to Women
Inter-American Convention on the Granting of Political Rights to Women
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women
Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Inter-American Declaration on Racial Integration in the Americas
International Bill of Human Rights
International Commission of Jurists
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
International Court of Justice
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, First Optional Protocol
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Second Optional Protocol, Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
International Criminal Court
International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights
International Human Rights Instruments
International Labor Organization
International Law
International League for Human Rights
International Peace Bureau
Internet Resources
Inviolable Rights

Jefferson, Thomas
Judicial Review
Judiciary
Jus Cogens
Justice

Kampala Declaration on Human Rights
King, Martin Luther, Jr.

Language
Las Casas, Bartolomé
Law Enforcement
Lawyers Committee for Human Rights
Liberty
Life
Limburg Principles on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Limitations
Locke, John

Magna Carta
Majority Rule
Mandela, Nelson
Marriage
Mason, George
Maternity
Menchú, Rigoberta
Military Personnel
Mill, John Stuart
Minorities
Monitoring Compliance
Movement

Names
Nationality
Natural Resources
Natural Rights
Ngugi wa Thiong'o
Nongovernmental Organizations
Norms
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Ombudsmen
Opinion
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Oxfam International

Paine, Thomas
Participatory Rights
Pax Christi International
Peace
Peace Brigades International
Peoples' Rights
Pérez Esquivel, Adolfo
Personality
Petition
Physicians for Human Rights
Plato
Pluralism
Political Rights
Principles of Medical Ethics Relevant to the Role of Health Personnel, Particularly Physicians, in the Protection of Prisoners and Detainees against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-Legal, Arbitrary, and Summary Executions
Prisoners
Privacy
Proclamation of Teheran
Project Diana
Property
Proportionality
Punishment

Racial Discrimination
Ramos Horta, Jose
Ramphal, Shridath Surendranath
Ratification
Red Cross and Red Crescent
Refoulement
Refugees
Regional Human Rights
Rehabilitation
Religion
Remedies
Reporting Violations
Resolution 1503 Procedure
Retroactive Laws
Rights
Rights International
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
Romero, Oscar
Roosevelt, Eleanor
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
Rule of Law
Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of Their Liberty

Safeguards Guaranteeing Protection of the Rights of Those Facing the Death Penalty
Sakharov, Andrei
Security
Self-Determination
Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
Separation of Church and State
Sex Discrimination
Shcharansky, Anatoly
Slavery
Slavery Convention
Social Rights
Sovereignty
Speech
Spinoza, Baruch (Benedict)
Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules)
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
Standard of Living
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady
Statelessness
Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
Summary Executions
Suzman, Helen

Teachers
Teresa, Mother, of Calcutta
Territorial Jurisdiction
Terrorism
The Press
Thomas Aquinas, St.
Thought
Timerman, Jacobo
Tolerance
Torture
Treaties
Tubman, Harriet
Tutu, Desmond

United Nations
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations Program of Advisory Services and Technical Cooperation
Universal Copyright Convention
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition
Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights

Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements
Victims
Vienna Declaration and Program of Action
Violations
Voting

Walesa, Lech
Wallenberg, Raoul
War
War Crimes
Weapons
Wei Jingsheng
Welfare
Wiesel, Elie
Wiesenthal, Simon
Wollenstonecraft, Mary
Women
Workers
Working Groups
World Council of Churches
World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children
World Health Organization
Youth

"Highly recommended for high school, university and public library."

Robert L. Maddex is an attorney specializing in international law who serves as an advisor on constitutional procedures and issues. He is the author of Congressional Quarterly's Constitutions of the World, Illustrated Dictionary of Constitutional Concepts, and State Constitutions of the United States.

Terrorism: A Documentary History

CQ Researcher Human Trafficking and Slavery v.14-12

Encyclopedia of the First Amendment

CQ Researcher Human Rights in China v.18-26