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Sampler and Chapter 4 

Uncomfortable with a strictly thematic approach, or tired of a purely country-by-country organization for your comparative politics course?

Teach the way you want to teach with this innovative hybrid book—fully accessible to students, easy to teach, and satisfying to professors who want to give students a real sense of the questions that drive research in the field. Organized thematically around important concepts in comparative politics—Who rules? What explains political behavior? Where and why?—the book integrates a set of extended case studies in eleven “core” countries. Serving as consistent geographic touchstones, the cases are set in chapters where they make the most sense substantively—not separated from theory or in a separate volume—and vividly illustrate issues in cross-national context.

Features include:

• Core country case studies: Brazil, China, Germany, Japan, India, Iran, Nigeria, Russia, the UK, the U.S., and, new to this edition, Mexico.
• NEW! Methods in Context boxes that model how comparativists do their research and analysis.
• In Context fact boxes that put eye-opening data into thematic context.
• Where and Why? boxes that explore why certain political outcomes occur in some countries but not in others.
• Country and Concept tables that display key indicators for core countries.

Updates and revisions include:

• recent elections around the world and the effects of the global financial crisis and its aftermath,
• authoritarian versus totalitarian regimes,
• ethnic violence, 
• racial politics and identity,
• economic globalization,
• executive-legislative institutions, and
• the role of civil society in government.

Updates and revisions include:

• recent elections around the world and the eff ects of the global fi nancial crisis and its aftermath,
• authoritarian versus totalitarian regimes,
• ethnic violence, 
• racial politics and identity,
• economic globalization,
• executive-legislative institutions, and
• the role of civil society in government.

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PART I: A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING COMPARATIVE POLITICS

Chapter 1: Introduction
The Big Issues
Comparative Politics: What Is It? Why Study It? How to Study It?
     Methods in Context: Critically Examining How Comparativists Do Research
Three Key Questions in Comparative Politics
Plan of the Book
     Where and Why

Chapter 2: The Modern State
Characteristics of the Modern State
     In Context: New States and the United Nations
     Mini-Case: Somaliland: Internal v. External Sovereignty
Historical Origins of Modern States
Strong, Weak, and Failed States
     Where and Why: Failed and Sustainable States
     Mini-Case: Afghanistan’s Failed State
     Mini-Case: Sierra Leone and Liberia: Collapsed States
Case Studies of State Formation
     Country and Concept: The Modern State
     Case Study: United Kingdom: A Strong Modern State
     Case Study: The United States: A Consciously Crafted State
     Case Study: Japan: Determined Sovereignty
     Case Study: Germany: The First Modern Welfare State
     Case Study: Brazil: A Moderately Strong, and Now Legitimate, Modern State
     Case Study: Russia: A Strong State with a Weak Rule of Law
     Case Study: Mexico: Challenges to Internal Sovereignty
     Case Study: Iran: Claiming Legitimacy via Theocracy
     Case Study: India: Enduring Democracy in a Weak State
     Case Study: China: Economic Legitimacy over Political Reform
     Case Study: Nigeria: An Extremely Weak State

Chapter 3: States and Citizens
     Country and Concept: Modern
Regimes Regimes, Ideologies, and Citizens
     Where and Why: Authoritarian versus Democratic Rule
     Case Study: United Kingdom: “Cradle of Democracy”
     Case Study: Russia: The First Self-Proclaimed Communist Regime
     Case Study: Nazi Germany
     Mini-Case: Tanzania’s One-Party Regime
     Case Study: Brazil: The Bureaucratic Authoritarian State, 1964–1985
     Case Study: Nigeria: Neopatrimonial Military Rule, 1966–1979 and 1983–1999
     Case Study: Mexico: Semi-Authoritarianism under the PRI
     Case Study: Germany: The Rise of the Nazi Party and a Totalitarian State
     Case Study: The Islamic Republic of Iran: Theocratic State, 1979–

Chapter 4: States and Identity
     Country and Concept: Ethnicity, Race, and Religion
The Debate over Identity
Nations and Nationalism
     Case Study: Nationalism in Germany
     Mini-Case: Northern Ireland: Consociationalism
Ethnicity and Religion
     Case Study: Nigeria’s Strange History of Ethnicity and Religion
     Mini-Case: Rwanda: Genocide and Ethnic Violence
Race
     Case Study: Racial Politics in the United States
     Case Study: Race in Brazil
     In Context: Race and Ethnicity in Latin America

Chapter 5: States and Markets
     Country and Concept: States and Markets
The Market, Capitalism, and the State
Key Economic Debates
     Where and Why: The Successes and Failures of SAPs
Globalization: A New World Order or Déjà Vu All Over Again?
States and Markets around the World
     Case Study: The United States: The Free Market Model
     In Context: Central Banks
     Case Study: Germany: The Social Market Economy
     Mini-Case: The European Union, Economic Sovereignty, and Globalization
     Case Study: Japan: The Developmental State and Its Crisis
     Mini-Case: Chile: Early Neoliberal Reformer
     Case Study: Mexico: From Protectionism to Neoliberalism
     Case Study: Nigeria: A Weak State, Oil, and Corruption
     In Context: Nigeria as an Oil Exporter

PART II: POLITICAL SYSTEMS AND HOW THEY WORK

Chapter 6: Governing Institutions in Democracies
     Country and Concept: Snapshot of Governing
Institutions Institutions: Executives and Legislatures
     Mini Case: Coalition Government in Israel’s Parliamentary System
     Case Study: Parliamentary Rule: Britain and India
     Where and Why: Parliaments and Presidents
     Case Study: Presidentialism in the United States and Brazil
     Case Study: Russia: Semipresidentialism in a New Democracy with Weak Institutions
     In Context: Semipresidential Systems
Comparing Executive-Legislative Institutions
Judiciary
     Case Study: The Judiciary: Germany and Brazil
Bureaucracy
     Methods in Context: When do politicians constrain bureaucrats, and when do they decide not to?
     Case Study: Bureaucratic Control and Corruption: Japan and India
     Where and Why: Explaining Corruption
Federalism
     In Context: Federalism
     Case Study: Federalism: Brazil, India, and Russia

Chapter 7: Institutions of Participation and Representation in Democracies
Formal Institutions: The Electoral System
     Where and Why: Women in Power
Formal Institutions: Political Parties and Party Systems
     Methods in Context: What’s the trouble with political parties?
     Mini-Case: France and the Shift toward a Two-Party System
Civil Society
     Patron-Client Relationships
     Case Studies in Participation and Representation
     Case Study: The United Kingdom and United States: FPTP and Pluralist Systems in Different Contexts
     In Context: FPTP
     Case Study: Germany: Two-and-a-Half Party System and Neocorporatism under Threat
     Case Study: Japan: From Dominant-Party to Two-Party System?
     In Context: SNTV
     Case Study: India: From Dominant Party to Multiparty Democracy

Chapter 8: Authoritarian Institutions
     Country and Concept: Authoritarian Rule
Governing Institutions in Authoritarian Regimes
     Where and Why: Institutional Limits on Dictators’ Rule
     Mini-Case: The “Politics of Survival” in Mobutu’s Zaire
     Mini-Case: Succession in Egypt and Zimbabwe
     Case Study: China: From Communist to Modernizing Authoritarian Rule
     In Context: The Decline of Communism
     Case Study: Iran: Theocracy or Military Dictatorship?
     Case Study: Nigeria: Weakening Institutions under Military Rule
     Mini-Case: Egypt and Tunisia: The Unraveling of Semi-Authoritarian Regimes
     In Context: Authoritarian Rule in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1970–2000
Elections, Parties, and Civil Society in Authoritarian Regimes
     Case Study China: Growing Participation but Not Democracy, or Even Semi-Authoritarian Rule
     Case Study Iran: From Participation and Reform to Renewed Repression
     In Context: Iran and the Middle East
     Case Study Nigeria: Declining Participation Amid Increasingly Personalist Rule

Chapter 9: Regime Change
     Country and Concept: Regime Change and Outcome
The Military in Politics: Coups d’Etat
     Where and Why: Coups in Africa: Colonialism or Contagion?
     Case Study: Comparing Coups: Brazil and Nigeria
     In Context: Military Coups in Latin America by Decade
     In Context: Military Coups in Africa by Decade
Revolution
     Case Study: Revolution: China and Iran
Democratization
     Methods in Context: Does modernization cause democracy?
     Mini Case: Ghana, An African Success Story
     Case Study: Brazil: Model Transition and the Question of Democratic Deepening
     In Context: Freedom in Brazil and Latin America
     Case Study: Mexico: Transition from a Semi-Authoritarian Regime
     Case Study: Russia: Transition to Semi-Authoritarian Rule
     Case Study: Nigeria: Neopatrimonial Transition
     In Context: Freedom in Africa

PART III: ISSUES AND POLICIES

Chapter 10: Globalization, Economic Sovereignty, and Development
     Country and Concept: Globalization, Deindustrialization, and Development
Wealthy Countries: Globalization and Economic Sovereignty
     Case Study: United Kingdom: Radical Reform in a Liberal Market Economy
     Case Study: Germany: Struggling to Reform the Social Market Economy
     In Context: Government and Growth in the EU
Development and Globalization
     Method in Context: Do democracies or dictatorships produce better development?
     Mini-Case: Turkey: A Middle Eastern “Tiger”?
     Where and Why: Asian Miracle versus African Malaise
     Case Study: China: An Emerging Powerhouse
     Case Study: India: Development and Democracy
     Case Study: Brazil: Does Globalization Allow a Different Path?
     In Context: Brazilian Economic Growth
     Case Study: Iran: Struggling with the Blessings of Oil

Chapter 11: Welfare, Health, and the Environment When Markets Fail
     Country and Concept: Welfare, Health, and the Environment
“Welfare”: Social Policy in Comparative Perspective
     Mini-Case: Sweden’s Welfare State
     Where and Why: The Development of Welfare States
     Case Study: Germany: Reforming the Christian Democratic Welfare State
     In Context: The German Welfare State
     Case Study: The United States: Reforming the Liberal Welfare State
     Case Study: Brazil: Starting a Welfare State in a Developing Economy
Health Care and Health Policy
     In Context: Health Care in Wealthy Countries, 2009
     Methods In Context: Can democracy make you healthier?
     Case Study: Germany: Pioneer of Modern Health Policy
     Case Study: United Kingdom: Reforming the NHS
     Case Study: U.S. Health Policy: Trials and Tribulations of the Market Model
Environmental Problems and Policy
     Case Study: The United States: Pioneer that Lost Its Way?
     Case Study: China: Searching for Sustainable Development
     Case Study: Nigeria and Oil: A Question of Environmental Justice and Sustainable Development

Chapter 12: Policies and Politics of Inclusion and Clashing Values
     Country and Concept: Policies and Politics of Inclusion and Clashing Values
The Debate over Inclusion and Group Rights
Religion: Recognition, Autonomy, and the Secular State
     Mini-Case: Islamic Headscarves in France and Turkey
     Where and Why: Explaining Policy Differences toward Muslims in Europe
     Case Study: United Kingdom: Religious Challenge to Multiculturalism
     Case Study: India: Secularism in a Religious and Religiously Plural Society
     Case Study: Mexico: Anticlericalism in a Catholic Country
Gender: The Continuing Struggle for Equal Social Status, Representation, and Participation
     Mini-Case: Women in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait
     Case Study: Russia: Women through Social and Political Transformation
     Case Study: Iran: Social Gains, Political and Cultural Restrictions, and Islamic Feminism
     In Context: Women in Iran and the Middle East Sexual Orientation: Assimilation or Liberation?
     Case Study: The United States: Birthplace of a Movement but Limited Policy Change
     Case Study: Brazil: LGBT Rights in a New Democracy

Glossary

Index

*Each chapter ends with a Conclusion, Key Concepts, Works Cited, Resources for Future Study, and Web Resources.

I have never seen such a positive reaction to a textbook from students, honestly. We have had a problem finding a suitable book for this course. The end of course critiques had been blistering on the subject of the text. Not this year!

The strength of the Drogus and Orvis text is the integration of themes and case studies. This approach enhances the analytical qualities of instruction as the case studies are embedded in thematic coverage and provide a hands-on illustration of concepts and principles.

The “Where and Why” feature is a very effective way of elaborating on a conceptual methodology that is a cornerstone of comparative analysis without belaboring students with a complex presentation of the comparative method.

Carol Ann Drogus is currently Associate Dean of Students for Off-Campus Study at Hamilton College, where she was formerly a professor of government. She is a specialist on Brazil, religion, and women’s political participation. She taught introduction to comparative politics for 15 years, as well as courses on Latin American politics, gender and politics, and women in Latin America. She has written two books and numerous articles on the political participation of women in religious movements in Brazil.

Stephen Orvis is professor of government at Hamilton College. He is a specialist on sub-Saharan Africa, (Kenya in particular), identity politics, democratic transitions, and the political economy of development. He has been teaching introduction to comparative politics for 20 years, as well as courses on African politics, nationalism and the politics of identity, political economy of development, and weak states. He has written a book and articles on agricultural development in Kenya, several articles on civil society in Africa and Kenya, and is currently doing research on political institutions in Africa.

A student companion website, IntroducingCP.cqpress.com, is available, organized by chapter and featuring summaries, quiz questions, and interactive flashcards.

Instructor's Resources available for adopters!

A full set of online instructor's resources is available including: a test bank of more than 600 questions, 150 PowerPoint lecture slides, graphics from the text, and discussion questions. 

New to this edition!

• An Instructor's Manual, containing chapter overviews, talking points for lectures, and one-page "backgrounders" on each of the 11 core case studies, and sample syllabi.
• A Transition Guide, featuring clear and explicit instructions for transitioning your syllabus to the book’s hybrid approach lowers your start-up cost and makes course planning easy.
• A TA Guide, including general tips for grad students teaching the intro to comparative politics course for the first time, as ell as a chapter-by-chapter guide to running discussion alongside the book’s coverage.

http://college.cqpress.com/instructors-resources/introducingCP/