President Bush's anti-drug campaign has increasingly focused on a law-enforcement model that attacks the "supply side" of the illegal drug industry - traffickers, smugglers and users - rather than on helping users through prevention and treatment, the so-called demand side. He also would like more middle and high schools to conduct random drug tests, although few have signed on. And although the Food and Drug Administration in April declared that smoked marijuana lacks any known medicinal properties, 12 states now bar state prosecution of those who use marijuana for medical purposes. The number of people arrested annually on marijuana-related charges has skyrocketed - from 400,000 in the 1980s to about 700,000 - partly because low-level drug offenders now can be diverted to one of more than 1,750 new "drug courts," where their cases are dismissed if they stay straight. The Bush administration says it has struck the right balance between treatment and law enforcement.

Peter Katel is a CQ Researcher contributing writer who previously reported on Haiti and Latin America for Time and Newsweek and covered the Southwest for newspapers in New Mexico. He has received several journalism awards, including the Bartolomé Mitre Award for drug coverage from the Inter-American Press Association and awards for investigative and interpretive reporting from the New Mexico Press Association. He holds an A.B. in university studies from the University of New Mexico.